Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) - Nauru (2001)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) z Nauru (2001)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008)	Nauru (2001)

Administrative divisions	-	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 40.33% (male 2,510; female 2,365) 15-64 years: 57.97% (male 3,475; female 3,533) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 103; female 102) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	coconuts
Airports	-	1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.)
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.	Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Upon achieving independence in 1968, Nauru became the smallest independent republic in the world; it joined the UN in 1999.
Birth rate	-	27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $23.4 million expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)
Capital	-	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Coastline	NA km	30 km
Constitution	-	29 January 1968
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island
Currency	-	Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate	-	7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external	-	$33.3 million
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074 consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within five to ten years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freezing of wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.
Electricity - consumption	-	27.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production	-	30 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
Exchange rates	-	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 19 April 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: Bernard DOWIYOGO elected president by a vote in Parliament of nine to eight note: former President Rene HARRIS was deposed in a no-confidence vote; this is the eighth change of government in Nauru since the fall of the Lagumont HARRIS government in a no-confidence motion in early November 1996; six of the last eight governments have resulted because of parliamentary no-confidence motions
Exports	-	$25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
Exports - commodities	-	phosphates
Exports - partners	-	Australia, NZ
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $59 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA%
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	0 32 S, 166 55 E
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator
Highways	-	total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$21.1 million (c.i.f., 1991)
Imports - commodities	-	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery
Imports - partners	-	Australia, UK, NZ, Japan
Independence	-	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products
Infant mortality rate	-	10.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	-3.6% (1993)
International organization participation	-	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court
Labor force - by occupation	-	employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (1993 est.)
Languages	-	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 61.2 years male: 57.7 years female: 64.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Map references	Antarctic Region	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2000 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	-	no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA%
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 3,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 1,661 (2001 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nationality	-	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	periodic droughts
Natural resources	fish	phosphates
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited	12,088 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	2% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Nauru
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	7,000 (1997)
Railways	-	total: 5 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast
Religions	-	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage	-	20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	2,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	450 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	1 (1997)
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Total fertility rate	-	3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	0%
Waterways	-	none

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